Cyprus Problem » History & Negotiations

Sentencing in Cyprus Lasted Civilizations

Cyprus's known history dates back to the 15th century before common era. 1570-1571 in the conquest of the Ottoman Empire of the Hittites, Phoenicians, Assyrians in order in the island, the ancient Egyptians, Persians, Macedonians, Romans, Byzantines, Muslims, Arabs, British (Richard the Lionheart), have judge connected with the Lusignans, and the Venetians.

The Ottoman Administration in Cyprus
15. at the end of the 19th century the Ottoman Empire, the Eastern Mediterranean, has dominated political, strategic, economic, and religious reasons, Cyprus in 1571 by the handle. Cyprus-based Venetian pirates in their big losses in the Ottoman naval trade in Cyprus has been one of the main factors of carrying out.
on July 1, 1570, the Ottoman fleet, with 50 thousand soldiers and 80 ball, removing to Cyprus. However, after arduous battles in one year in Cyprus was in fact achievable. Cyprus ' most powerful fortress of Famagusta's 1 August 1571, being delivered into the hands of the Ottoman Empire was past all the Island.
Cyprus since 1878 the Ottoman rule 307 years until 1571.

Cyprus: Origins
Cyprus: origins in Anatolia, Turkish Companions. After the conquest of Cyprus, the island's inhabitants and is the producer for the development seen requirements daughter-in-law, Sultan II. In addition to remaining on the island, around 20 thousand soldiers Selim, 10 thousand artisans to be sent to Cyprus in the family decided.For this purpose, according to a "Deportation provision" from Anatolia, Karaman, Rum and Dülkadriye: 151,597 among the zenaat cities and towns, and featured sitting on a sent to Cyprus and their families living in the digits. The owners of this profession in cobblers, tailors, weavers, saddlers, farriers, cooks, small markets, necklace stainless, skinnes, stones, first, kalays and spoons jewelers, makers of head. From this the Turks brought a great vitality to the economic life as soon as possible.
Greece under the Ottoman rule, with the more ' crash was never the case. Megali İdea arose the idea of jump, the two peoples lived together in peace under the rule of the Ottomans is fair. One could say that is a combination of all the peoples on the island lived in peace under the Ottoman Administration in one period is the period of de facto annual this 307. During this period belongs to the Orthodox religion of the local people is related to places of worship, a worship of the Christians had gained the freedom to fully opened again.

Go into the hands of the British in Cyprus
the Russo-Turkish war in 1878, seeing an opportunity in the United Kingdom, "the Russians against help" under the lease with the promise, Cyprus managed to over 92000 However, this rental was temporary. After crossing the island and back again would be in danger. That was part of the Empire of Cyprus. The Sultan rent
Agreement (Ayestafanos-Yeşilköy) before the signature (Law Şahaname without prejudice to certify you muahadenameyi never failing) rating has fallen and then.
However, the United Kingdom, she moved to the island of Cyprus will account for how the annexation. Indeed, the Ottoman Empire Germany by 1. Had found the opportunity to join with such a world war and the annexation of Cyprus by announcing that a published by, each year to pay 92 thousand gold coins should you pay the stopped. On 20 July at the end of the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne, 20. the article has been left to the United Kingdom in the island legally.
The first of the British administration, the Greeks Enosis (annexation of Cyprus to Greece) began to escalate their demands.

ENOSIS
Enosis, MEGALI IDEA to connect to Cyprus within the framework of the Greece goal.
Word meaning with 'TOP" was the first drawn map of the Megali İdea, which is to say since 1791 Enosis that is another matter. In a sense it can be said that from that date the Cyprus problem exists.
Megali İdea, the word with the meaning "big Budget, big idea". According to the principle of this idea and, by Fatih Sultan Mehmet conquered İstanbul in 1453 and again be addressed, Greece, Crete, Rhodes, Cyprus, Anatolia and extends up to the land of Alexander the great, having been occupied Alexandria, regarded as a Byzantine Empire will be the great Helen. This is the old capital of the Byzantine Empire, as well as in still will be "Constantinople" means of İstanbul.
Greece's request for first time Cyprus 30 December took place in 1918. on October 18, 1828 in the United Kingdom, Russia and France formally for the first time, a note to Greece, which has to be linked to the island itself, the idea of Enosis. The Archbishop of the Greek Church in Cyprus, and the Greek Government, supported by the movement over the years, churches and schools of Enosis in young brains later grafted.
The Turkish Cypriots, the Greek Cypriots by Greece this has to defend their rights against the demands of Greece Enosis always become a colonial by the currently if change, the island if Cyprus, refusing to hand back to Turkey to demand that the real owner. Therefore, the most Greeks from Cyprus in 1960 as one of the major reasons always Enosis have acknowledged, have sought to eliminate this barrier in a variety of ways.

EOKA
EOKA in Cyprus led by destroying the Turkish community in Greece, Makarios nominee for a terrorist organization that was established to connect.
The first secret talks for EOKA 2 July 1952 in Athens, Makarios was under the direction of. The purpose of the throw off the island before the EOKA the British are, then by destroying the Turkish population with a total destruction of the movement candidate to Greece. Indeed, soon after the British had to be off the island on 21 June 1955, even from attacks without waiting for the British colonial Administration and began the pipe where the Turks.
organized by the Greek Orthodox Church of Cyprus, in 1950, of the so-called plebisitte, 95% of vote in favor of the Greek Cypriot community was ENOSİS. By the way, has Greece's official policy of Enosis . Greece, Cyprus has managed to take the problem of the United Nations Organisation in 1954.Greece's slogan in bringing the issue to the UN "self-determination".
Cyprus is the Turkish people the right to "self-determination" they counted and that the principle of the people of Cyprus unilaterally only as a right to be. While in Cyprus, "Cypriot Nation" he is not a nation; It also said that the first party of Greeks themselves. Cyprus has two distinct religion, language and culture are two separate people. exams was the most this undeniable reality Turks in Cyprus, Cyprus does not apply unilateral "self-determination", will be applied to a real sense of "self-determination", it is two people separate the religious language and culture should be applied equally to both the late 1990s.
The Greek Orthodox Church and to perform ENOSİS EOKA, jointly made the Greek Cypriot side to the world about his violent movements, "independence" as a given "liberation struggle" to present works to. While the majority of violent attacks in the event of that day at the colonial United Kingdom was against Cyprus on a bilateral, rather than.
EOKA started the actual violence of actions until 1955, Atatürk's principle of "peace at home, peace at home" by remaining loyal to the Republic of Turkey, which is a peaceful foreign policy in the face of these events is still. the Conference gathered in London in 1955, Turkey, Cyprus is a party on the Etruscans.
in 1956, when asked to be in front of the Cyprus problem, the UN, the Government of Turkey, as well as with public opinion on the need to press the Turkish Cypriot as a whole. Topic postponed some States ' opposition. As an antithesis to the case against the Greeks the idea of ENOSİS was laid out to TAKSİM. Turkey and the Turkish Cypriot leadership on behalf of peace and reconciliation has accepted it, but the Greeks of Cyprus a Greek island have been and continue to insist on ENOSİS.
EOKA in Cyprus Turkish people posed by violence and attacks continue to increase on April 1, 1958, the Turkish Cypriot People against these attacks themselves are taking the support of the motherland with Turkey, the Turkish Strength Agency a resistance organization (TMT) was established. The Greeks did not take action until the start of wide-ranging attacks, TMT.
In the meantime a few more times by Greece to the United Nations are taken under the guise of "self-determination" on the Cyprus issue at the mobile is the real ideas of the Greeks was thoroughly ENOSİS. The fall of the Greek side of the mask and also weighed on the supposed thoroughly TC Government a compromise and have followed it to the 1959 London and Zurich Agreements.

The Zurich and London Agreements
To fight against the Turkish Cypriot people, Enosise, Greece, so the island prior to 1960, and the independent Republic of Cyprus had been one of the most important factors that incidentally.
Turkish Cypriots in the face of Enosis demands have come out with self-determination in every way, eliminating the possibility of realization of a totally one-sided upper Enosis.
The result of collisions between two peoples that advocated against the Turks, Greeks advocating Enosis as a middle way, the independence of the island share the idea was born. Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom, this idea is the USA by then, on February 11, 1958 in Zurich on 19 February 1959 the London agreement and the agreement was signed.
Under these agreements, both in the UK and in addition, two community on the island of the motherland have equal status as the two founding partners. 1959 London and Zurich agreements, prepared in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus are in affiliation with the Alliance and Warranty Agreements take effect, binational, independent Cyprus Republic has been born. This functional Cumhuriyetiydi a federative Association. Sovereignty and independence was given two national society jointly. Main rules was a national society to another, essentially,
According to the President of the Zürich and London agreements, to be the Assistant to the Turkish Cypriot. The Committee of Ministers 7 Rum 3 Turkish members; House of representatives 35 Rum 3 Turkish members; Republican Army 60-40, and officer rosters 70-30 ratio are both society persons. Both communities would have a Congregation Of their own internal affairs to look after. This Assembly has the right to impose taxes for social expenditures. It also would be responsible for the education and Cultural Affairs of religion. Internal security, police and gendarmerie would allow. Who belongs to Community Court criminal cases justices. Five would be separate municipalities in the big city. The official language is Turkish and Modern. Will be conferred the authority to Veto and Deputy President of important issues the majority of the members would be required to separate the Turkish vote. Educational and cultural spaces in their communities both financial help the motherland possibly.
Enosis and Share was forbidden, but the Greek Cypriot leadership has placed the lock Of all former EOKA 'cıları points although the Constitution banning its activities under the leadership of agains personally Makarios Enosis.

Warranty Agreement
In addition to the Zürich and London agreements, Cyprus, Turkey, the United Kingdom and Greece Guarantee Agreement signed between the Republic of Cyprus, "l. item in any State in whole or in part in any political or economic Union is committed not to participate. In this regard, or any other governmental unification would encourage the island's share directly or indirectly declare a ban of movement ". This agreement and the Guarantor States in Cyprus, in the party and without the consent of both sides in the island, the EU has made a full member of the "Republic of Cyprus".